How to Master the Art of Growing Iris. Planting, care and maintenance

Stephen Teeuw
Gardening Tips
24 Jun 2024
525
views

As a passionate gardener, I find irises particularly fascinating. They are not only beautiful but also steeped in history and folklore.

The Anatomy of an Iris

Understanding the structure of an iris flower can deepen your appreciation for this plant. Each iris bloom is a marvel of nature, consisting of several distinct parts:

Falls: The lower petals that often droop downwards, acting as a landing platform for pollinators. The tongue is often brightly decorated acting as a direction for pollinators
Standards: The upright petals that create a striking, vertical display. They serve to protect the pollen from the elements.
Style Arms: The unique, petal-like structures that extend from the center, often adorned with frills or contrasting colors. They contain a well designed stamen for very effective pollination.
Beard: Found in bearded irises, this fuzzy strip down the center of each fall is a guiding path for pollinators.
Rhizome or Bulb: Iris grow from both bulbs and rhizomes, Species and Iris Hollandica come from bulbs where as Germanica and Siberica are from rooty rhizomes

Planting Iris Bulbs

Species Iris Bulbs:

Small flowers that bloom in early spring along side snowdrops, crocus and early daffodils. They are charming little flowers that can be presented beautifully in a pot.

Choosing the Site: Species irises prefer well-drained soil and a sunny location. They can tolerate partial shade but thrive in full sun.
Planting Depth: Plant the bulbs about 10cm deep and space them 5cm apart.
Soil Preparation: Loosen the soil and amend it with compost if necessary to ensure good drainage.
Watering: Water the bulbs after planting to help them establish. Once established, they are relatively drought-tolerant.

Visit our planting guide here

Dutch Iris Bulbs:

Taller summer flowering Iris. These bulbs grow up to 50cm tall. They begin by growing sharp foliage. The flowers appear very suddenly when the conditions are just right. Just when you think they will never flower!

Choosing the Site: Like their species counterparts, Dutch irises prefer full sun and well-drained soil.
Planting Depth: Plant these bulbs 12cm deep, spacing them about 10cm apart.
Soil Preparation: Ensure the soil is loose and well-drained. Adding a bit of sand can help improve drainage.
Watering: Water well after planting, then keep the soil slightly moist until they begin to grow.

Visit our planting guide here

The History of Iris Bulbs

The iris has a rich history, symbolizing royalty and divine messages in various cultures. The name 'iris' comes from the Greek word for rainbow, reflecting the myriad colors these flowers display.

Irises were cherished in ancient Egypt, depicted in temples and associated with the goddess Iris, a messenger of the gods.

In medieval Europe, the fleur-de-lis, a stylized iris, became a symbol of French royalty.

Today, irises continue to be beloved worldwide, appreciated for their beauty and hardiness.

Frequently Asked Questions

When do Iris flower?

Irises typically flower in late spring to early summer. Species irises may bloom earlier, while Dutch irises usually flower in late spring.

Will Iris bulbs flower next year?

Yes, irises are perennials, meaning they will bloom year after year if planted in suitable conditions and cared for properly. Make sure you deadhead the flowers and feed the bulbs after flowering.

Are iris good for bees?

Yes, irises are excellent for bees and other pollinators, providing a valuable source of nectar and pollen.

Can I grow iris indoors?

While irises are typically grown outdoors, it is possible to grow them indoors if they receive enough light and proper care. Choose a sunny spot and ensure good air circulation and drainage. Irises are often commercially grown in greenhouses. With the right temperature control they can be forced to grow over winter.